Depression is a common mental disorder that causes
people to experience depressed mood, loss of interest or
pleasure, feelings of guilt or low self-worth, disturbed
sleep or appetite, low energy, and poor concentration.
Depression is different from feeling down or sad. Unhappiness is something which everyone feels at one
time or another, usually due to a particular cause. A
person experiencing depression will experience intense
emotions of anxiety, hopelessness, negativity and
helplessness, and the feelings stay with them instead of
going away.
Depression can happen to anyone. Many successful and
famous people who seem to have everything going for them
battle with this problem. Depression also affects people
of every age.
Half of the people who have depression will only
experience it once but for the other half it will happen
again. The length of time that it takes to recover
ranges from around six months to a year or more.
Living with depression is difficult for those who suffer
from it and for their family, friends, and colleagues. It can be difficult to know if you are depressed and
what you can do about it.
Signs and symptoms
-
Tiredness and loss of
energy.
-
Sadness that doesn’t go
away.
-
Loss of self-confidence
and self-esteem.
-
Difficulty
concentrating.
-
Not being able to enjoy
things that are usually pleasurable or interesting.
-
Feeling anxious all the
time.
-
Avoiding other people,
sometimes even your close friends.
-
Feelings of helplessness
and hopelessness.
-
Sleeping problems -
difficulties in getting off to sleep or waking up
much earlier than usual.
-
Very strong feelings of
guilt or worthlessness.
-
Finding it hard to
function at work/college/school.
-
Loss of appetite.
-
Loss of sex drive and/or
sexual problems.
-
Physical aches and
pains.
-
Thinking about suicide
and death.
-
Self-harm
If you experience four or more of these symptoms for
most of the day - every day - for more than two weeks,
you should seek help from your GP.
What leads to depression?
Depression can happen suddenly as a result of physical
illness, experiences dating back to childhood,
unemployment, bereavement, family problems or other
life-changing events.
Examples of chronic illnesses linked to depression
include heart disease, back pain and cancer. Pituitary
damage, a treatable condition which frequently follows
head injuries, may also lead to depression.
Sometimes, there may be no clear reason for your
depression but, whatever the original cause, identifying
what may affect how you feel and the things that are
likely to trigger depression is an important first step.
Types of depression:
Depression is described as mild when it has a limited
negative effect on your daily life. For example, you may
have difficulty concentrating at work or motivating
yourself to do the things you normally enjoy.
Major depression interferes with an individual’s daily
life - with eating, sleeping and other everyday
activities. Some people may experience only one episode
but it is more common to experience several episodes in
a lifetime. It can lead to hospital admission, if the
person is so unwell they are at risk of harm to
themselves.
The mood swings in bi-polar disorder can be extreme -
from highs, where the individual feels extremely elated
and indestructible, to lows, where they may experience
complete despair, lethargy and suicidal feelings.
Sometimes people have very severe symptoms where
they cannot make sense of their world and do things
that seem odd or illogical.
Many new mothers experience what are sometimes called
'baby blues' a few days after the birth. These feelings
of anxiety and lack of confidence are very distressing
but in most cases last only a couple of weeks. Post-natal depression is more intense and lasts longer. It can leave new mothers feeling completely overwhelmed,
inadequate and unable to cope. They may have problems
sleeping, panic attacks or an intense fear of
dying. They may also experience negative feelings
towards their child. It affects one in ten mothers and
usually begins two to three weeks after the birth.
SAD is associated with the start of winter and can last
until spring when longer days bring more daylight. When
it is mild, it is sometimes called ‘winter blues’. SAD
can make the sufferer feel anxious, stressed and
depressed. It may interfere with their moods and with
their sleeping and eating patterns.
How do I get help?
Talking therapies such as cognitive behavioural therapy
(CBT) and some forms of counselling and psychotherapy
work well for depression, although you may have to wait
to see a therapist on the NHS. You can pay to see
someone privately and your GP may be able to recommend
someone. Always check that any private therapist is
registered with a professional body.
There are several different kinds of talking therapy. Your GP can advise you about which you might find most
helpful.
Counselling
Counselling gives people the chance to talk through
everyday issues that may be causing depression and to
develop strategies for resolving them.
Cognitive therapy (sometimes called cognitive
behavioural therapy or CBT) addresses the way you think
and how this can cause depression. It teaches you
skills to identify patterns of behaviour and
thinking that are causing you problems and change
them.
Psychotherapy can be more intensive than counselling
although people and organisations often use these terms
interchangeably. It often looks at how past experience
may be affecting your life now, so it may involve
delving deeply into early experiences and key
relationships.
This may take more time, although shorter, more focused
ways of doing this have also been
developed. Interpersonal therapy focuses on how you
relate and behave towards others. It helps you to build
a better self-image and communicate more effectively
with others.
In many cases your GP will recommend anti-depressants,
either on their own or in combination with talking
therapies.
Anti-depressants do work for many people but inevitably
they do have side effects. You can discuss these with
your GP.
About medication
Medication will not always be the first choice,
especially if your depression is mild. There are a
number of different types of antidepressants available. Your GP can explain which they believe is the best for
you and why. What your doctor prescribes will depend on
the type and severity of depression you have. If you
experience problems from your medicine or have any
concerns, speak to your GP.
If one medication does not work you may be prescribed
something else. However it takes a few weeks before your
medicine starts to work so you need to allow enough time
to see if it is going to be effective.
It is important that you take the medicine for the
length of time recommended by your GP. If you come off
your medicine too soon (even if you feel better) this
can lead to a relapse where the depression returns. As a
rough guide, you will usually have to remain on
treatment for at least six to nine months and in many
cases it could be longer.
You need to follow your GP’s advice when you are coming
off your medicine as it can be harmful if this is done
too quickly.
BMJ Group: Depression –
Adults
BMJ Group: Depression –
Children
BMJ Group: Depression –
Postnatal
BMJ Group: Bipolar
Disorder
The British Dietetic
Association: Diet and Depression
NHS Choices: Seasonal
Affective Disorder
Seasonal Affective Disorder: Ways
To Beat The Winter Blues |